Portable X-ray mattress scanner

ABSTRACT

A portable X-ray system includes an X-ray scanner coupled to a module for processing and visualization of digital signals; and foldable intake and output trays configured to pass an object in and out of the scanner module. The foldable intake and output trays are articulated approximately in their middle. A first drum extends substantially across an entire opening of the scanner tunnel and configured to press down on the object and pull the object inside a scanner tunnel. A second drum extends substantially across an entire opening of the scanner tunnel and configured to press down on the object and pull the object from the scanner tunnel. A radiation shield covers an opening of the scanner tunnel. Sensors detects a type of object to be scanned and to control the first drum according to the type of object to be pulled inside the scanner tunnel.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 14/880,196, filed on Oct. 29, 2015, incorporated herein byreference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The invention relates to the field of engineering physics and, inparticular, to X-ray scanning for dangerous or prohibited objects orsubstances located (or hidden) inside a mattress of an inmate in apenitentiary institution.

Description of the Related Art

Human body X-ray scanning for identifying some highly undesirableobjects or substances has become critically important in view ofterrorist threats. Security applications may include prevention ofsmuggling of drugs, precious stones and metals, as well as provision ofthe security at airports, banks, embassies, nuclear power centers,prisons and other high-risk locations. X-ray luggage examination inairports is currently the most efficient way to provide security of theflights. X-ray examination is also used in prisons for visitor's accesscontrol.

However, mattresses of the prison inmates are still routinely checkedand searched for presence of weapons and illegal substances manually.The inmates are ordered to leave their cells and the guards perform amanual search of their cells, which includes a manual inspection of themattresses being the most likely a hiding place for weapons or drugs. Insome institutions, inmates are ordered out of the cells with theirmattresses rolled up for inspection (or scanning) in a special area.This is inconvenient and inefficient. A special portable mattress X-rayscanner, which can be brought into the ward for scanning the mattresses,would make the job of the prison officers more convenient and efficient.

A similar issue exists when inmates are being transferred from one floorto another or routinely shifted to another block. The inmates have tomove with mattress and all belongings they might have—and, again, theinspection of the mattresses needs to be carried out.

Accordingly, there is a need in the art for a safe, mobile X-ray scannersystem that can be rolled into a facility, ward, floor or block ofcells, for efficiently scanning the inmates' mattresses and forautomatically detecting weapons or illegal substances hidden within themattresses. Also such machine can be deployed in the mattress processingor storage compartment to insure that no prohibited items beingtransferred no matter intentionally or not.

The approach explained above is suitable for other institutions such asdetention centers, homeless shelters, orphanages, etc., where a highrisk of contraband of illegal items exists.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, the present invention is related to a high-efficiencymovable X-ray mattress scanner that substantially obviates one or moreof the disadvantages of the related art.

In one aspect of the invention, a module for processing andvisualization of digital signals and an X-ray scanner module areimplemented on a mobile platform movable on wheels. A digital X-raymodule includes a source of fan-shaped X-ray radiation beam with adetector of the X-ray radiation passing through a mattress beingexamined.

The movable X-ray mattress scanner is equipped with an input and anoutput tray having rollers for supporting the mattress as it is pulledin and out of the special flat-shaped opening by a drum motor. The drummotor is integrated into the X-ray mattress scanner at the scannertunnel input opening so it can press and pull the matters inside thescanner automatically. The input and output trays can be folded formoving the scanner along narrow corridors, standard doors or on thestairs. The scanner platform is equipped with special stair steppingwheels that allow for “rolling” the scanner over the staircases withouthaving to lift it.

Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth inthe description that follows, and in part will be apparent from thedescription, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Theadvantages of the invention will be realized and attained by thestructure particularly pointed out in the written description and claimshereof as well as the appended drawings.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and areintended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ATTACHED FIGURES

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute apart of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention andtogether with the description serve to explain the principles of theinvention.

In the drawings:

FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate different views of the mattress scannerassembly, in accordance with the exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 2 illustrates a top view of the movable X-ray scanner;

FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate the entrance and the exit of the scanner tunnelequipped with the protective shields for protecting an officer from thefan radiation;

FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate the scanner assembly with the protectivescreens, in accordance with the exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 7 illustrates the scanner with both trays unfolded on each side ofthe scanner;

FIG. 8 illustrates that the exemplary scanner can be used with anexternal power source that can be rolled in with the scanner;

FIG. 9 illustrates a drum motor assembly with a radiation shield;

FIG. 10 illustrates a top view of the drum motor having a drum and theradiation shield;

FIG. 11 illustrates a side view of the drum motor assembly with aradiation shield;

FIGS. 12A and 12B illustrate a flow chart of a scanner workflow;

FIG. 13 illustrates a flow chart of a method for detection of anomaliesin the scanned image, in accordance with the exemplary embodiment;

FIGS. 14, 15 and 16 illustrate additional features of another embodimentof the scanner.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of thepresent invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings.

In one aspect of the invention, a module for processing andvisualization of digital signals and an X-ray scanner module areimplemented on a mobile platform that is movable on wheels. The digitalX-ray module includes a source of fan-shaped X-ray radiation beam with adetector of X-ray radiation that passes through a mattress beingexamined.

The mobile X-ray mattress scanner is equipped with an intake and anoutput tray having rollers for supporting the mattress as it is pulledin and out of the special mattress-shaped opening by a drum motor. Thedrum motor is integrated into the X-ray mattress scanner at the intakeopening so it can press and pull the matters inside the scannerautomatically. The intake and output trays can be folded for moving thescanner along narrow corridors, doors or on the stairs. The scannerplatform is equipped with special stair stepping wheels that allow for“rolling” the scanner over the staircases without having to lift it.

The proposed scanner system is designed as a movable compact system withfold-out roller trays and a feeding-receiving mechanism including thedrum motor. The purpose of the system is non-intrusive inspection of:the mattress, combined mattress with a pillow, inmate's belongingspacked into a special flat crate. The inspection is performed by anarrow X-ray fan beam to form an image of the suspected object tovisually identify threats such as metal objects, knives, shanks, razors,drugs, pills, SIM cards, money and other concealed objects within themattress, the pillow or inside the inmate's belongings packed in thecrate. The system also provides a capability of color marking ofdifferent suspicious materials on the screen, such as metal, plastic andorganics by using their atomic number and density. The system alsoprovides for automatic identification of foreign objects.

According to the exemplary embodiment, the X-ray image of the inspectedobject is obtained without any blind areas across the entire inspectiontunnel. The acquired X-ray image is subjected to mathematical processingusing substance discrimination by atomic numbers. The X-ray image iscolored based on efficient atomic number calculation. The system canread a bar-code or QR code on the object being scanned and assign theX-ray image to reference data. The X-ray images are stored and archivedfor future reference.

According to one exemplary embodiment, a computer (i.e., an operatorstation) with a touch screen display is integrated into the mobilescanner system. The system can also have:

-   -   an external mobile battery pack with a retractable cable and        110/220V voltage converter. External battery should serve as a        dedicated source of main power to power-up and operate the        system for at least two hours when connection to central mains        grid is not possible;    -   a tablet PC (comes with wireless option and fixing gear). This        option allows to operate the system remotely and wirelessly        using an industrial-grade protected tablet PC;    -   barcode scanner, QR code scanner. The purpose of this device is        to read inmate's or item assigned bar or QR codes in order to        perform identification and tracking of person or item with        further registration in the database and association with        respective image. The bar code reader or QR code reader can be        accompanied with digital camera in order to capture inmates'        photos and assign them to the scanned image of the mattress or        belongings;    -   a UV disinfection lamp;    -   a hand wash dispenser;    -   stair stepping wheels;    -   NAS external archiving system which is a network server-like        device designed to be used as remote network storage in order to        store, archive or retrieve important information. This device        can be accessed and used for storing and reviewing of scan data        from other systems in the facility or by a remote operator;    -   a retraction mechanism for a power cord;    -   an embedded USB (universal serial bus);    -   an ID reader (e.g., using an RFID or proximity cards). This        device can be used to identify the operator and set appropriate        access level by reading a personal ID card. Also, an RFID chip        can serve as presence sensor;    -   a finger print reader. Reading fingerprints might be used to        identify the operator and set appropriate access level, or to        identify inmates and get access to individual files for further        processing;    -   a proximity card reader. This device can also be used to        identify the operator and set appropriate access level by        reading a personal ID card;    -   an accreditation test object kit—a special piece of equipment        designed to check and verify alignment of the system,        resolution, penetration and detection capability each time the        routine requires verification of the accuracy of the system; and    -   a threat imitation test-object kit—a set of items imitating        threats or prohibited items, such as different sorts of drugs,        electronics or weapons. It is used to demonstrate detecting        capability of the system in simulated “real life” conditions.

FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate different views of the mattress scannerassembly. The mechanism for pulling mattress through the scannerincludes two drum motors located on each side of the scanner tunnel. Thedrum motors have a system of sensors for turning on and off the motors.As can be seen from FIGS. 3 and 4 the entrance and the exit of thescanner tunnel are equipped with the protective screens for protectingan officer from the scattered radiation. In one embodiment, theprotective screens are made out of lead vinyl or lead rubber.

The protective screens can also be seen in FIGS. 5 and 6. FIG. 7illustrates the scanner with both trays unfolded on each side of thescanner. The exemplary embodiment includes special stair stepping wheelthat can be seen in FIG. 6 and FIG. 8. These wheels consist of sets ofthree wheels, arranged in a “star” pattern, that rotate about their ownaxels independently. Note that the exemplary scanner is very lightweightand can be moved around the building or between the prison cells easily.The exemplary scanner can be used with an autonomous external powersource that can be rolled in with the scanner as shown in FIG. 8. Theinternal power source can provide for continuous operation of thescanner up to two hours.

FIG. 9 illustrates a drum motor assembly with a radiation shield. FIG.10 illustrates a top view of the drum motor having a drum 1010 and theradiation shield.

FIG. 11 illustrates a side view of the drum motor assembly with aradiation shield. The drum motor assembly includes a switch 1101. Aradiation protective shield 1102 is located over the rotational drum.The drum and the protective shield can move about axis 1104 toaccommodate the shape of the object being scanned. The intermediatepositions of the rotor are fixed by a fixating hinge 1103. The drumassembly is attached to the body of the scanner by a bracket 1105. Eachdrum motor has a sensor that tells the system what is inserted (mattressor box with belongings) and the system then selects an appropriatealgorithm or at certain position prevents system to be started and X-rayemission to be generated.

According to the exemplary embodiment, the scanner can be controlled bya touch screen display although a hardware keyboard can also be used.The integrated bar code scanner is also controlled by the touch screen.The scanner has sensors for automated detection of a type of object tobe scanned—i.e., a mattress, pillow or a container with inmate'sbelongings. The scanner can be used to scan an ID tag which attached toinmate clothes or wristband or markings of belongings or mattresses.

The system obtains the information on what to be scanned (mattress orcrate) by monitoring the compression unit sensor position. There arethree possible scenarios (see process diagram): mattress, crate, openedportal (this mode is for service and blocks any kind of operation).Therefore, when the sensor tells the system about the type of object,the software provides a hint in form of picture and visual diagram onhow to properly place the object and how to proceed. Thus, each step ofsystem operation can be accompanied by appropriate hint. The systemdefines the direction of scanning by reading on which side the sensor isactivated. The scanner automatically detects an area where concealedobjects are located and displays them to the operator in a specialway—e.g., having colored rectangular overlays or frames. The systemenables coloring of suspicious areas and objects in it and introducingof rectangular marking to respective area. The operator can performtagging of each area with special marks for further processing.

The mobile X-ray mattress scanner includes a special image processingsoftware, which automatically detects suspected objects (imageanomalies) based on the fact that mattress has a very consistentmaterial and any images displaying anything but the material of themattress are analyzed for presence of forbidden objects or drugs, etc.Any abnormalities detected while processing raw data obtained fromdigital scanning subsystem of the unit will be displayed within thevisual representation of the pre-processed image. The algorithm ofmaterial discrimination provides coloring of organic, non-organic, metaland plastic objects which, and further visual analysis of the image canbe used to define the objects as a threat. The image processing softwareuses a unique algorithm for anomalies detection on a quasi-homogeneouslow-contrast background. FIGS. 12A and 12B illustrate a work flow of ascanner, in accordance with the exemplary embodiment.

In FIG. 12A, the deployment of the scanner begins. The system listens toemergency button activation. The scanner queries the sensor of the solidstate detection unit. If the self-diagnostics is successful, the scanneranalyses the previous warm up cycle of the X-ray source. Otherwise, thestartup ends and the error message is logged. If the scanner warm up isrequired, the warm up cycle is set up and the worm up cycle is executed.If the warm up is successful, the process goes to login procedure.Otherwise, the process ends and the error message is logged. The systemreadiness message is displayed to an operator on the screen. After thereadiness message is confirmed, the main interface window is displayed.The object selection and direction for scanning is made. If the objectis a mattress, the scanner prompts for mattress position.

Then, the scanner checks the position of the compression mechanism byquerying right and left compression sensors. If the position correspondsto a “mattress” mode and the sensors are active, the scanner checks ifthe compression mechanism is properly engaged. Otherwise an errormessage is logged. Then, the scanning direction is set and the “ready toscan” message is displayed. The scanner makes an inquiry for barcodereading and the process moves to FIG. 12B (branch 1). If the positionmechanism is properly disengaged, the “ready to scan” message appears onthe user screen. The inquiry for the barcode reading is made and theprocess moves to FIG. 12B (2).

In FIG. 12B (branch 1), if the barcode data is requested, the scannerqueries the barcode reader. If the reader is ready, the barcode readingand recognition are performed. Otherwise, the error message isdisplayed, with a “retry”, “skip” or “cancel” prompt. The inquiry forinmate personal data is made. If the previous data is found, the requestfor amendment of data is made and if the amendment is required, theinmate personal data is entered. The inmate's data and selected scanmode are displayed and the prompt to scan is shown. The scanning isstarted and the scanning process screen is displayed. The X-ray emissionis started and the signal beacon is enabled. The system pauses for 1second and the drum motor actuation starts. The calibration is performedand a pseudo real-time image is displayed. The system waits foractivation of the second compression sensor and, continuing listening tothe sensor status until it provides an “off” status . . . . Then, thescanner waits for the second compressor deactivation status to be set.

Once the deactivation status is received, the X-ray OFF beacon isdisabled. The scanner checks for X-ray errors. An error message isdisplayed if errors found. Error reading data is logged. The processingscreen is set to acquired image processing mode. The acquiredunprocessed image is displayed, and basic automatic processing isapplied. If the re-scan is required the scanner process returns toobject selection step. Otherwise, the image processing is executed withsupplemental data input. The resulting image is assigned to the inmatepersonal file and saved into the archive. Then the process returns tothe object selection step.

In FIG. 12B (branch 2), the barcode reading section is completed andscanning direction is set up. Then, the scanner starts scanning theobject and the scanning process is displayed on the screen. The X-rayemission starts and the beacon is enabled. The scanner pauses for 1second for calibration. The pseudo real-time image is displayed. Theprocess waits for empty lines in the X-ray image. If the empty lines areacquired, the X-ray OFF beacon is disabled. The scanner checks for X-rayerror status. If there are any errors—the message is displayed. A queryis logged. If the error is found, the process ends and the error islogged and the display returns to the main screen.

FIG. 13 illustrates a flow chart of a method for detection of anomaliesin the scanned image, in accordance with the exemplary embodiment. Instep 1310, the scanner performs preliminary image processing. The imageis normalized and standardized at this point. In step 1320, the scannerdefines location of inspected object and confirms the object type (e.g.,mattress, pillow, a crate with belongings, etc.) using effective atomicnumber. In step 1340, the scanner process detects anomalies using analgorithm for correlation analysis of profiles of tested and referenced(i.e., sample) energy signals.

In step 1350, the scanner process performs cluster analysis of anomalyarea and forms a border of the anomaly area. Then, in step 1360, theprocess determines the anomaly parameters, such as a suspected type ofsubstance, an effective atomic number, an effective “mass,” density,etc. The scanner process outputs data onto a user interface in step1370.

FIGS. 14, 15 and 14 illustrate additional features of another embodimentof the scanner. FIG. 14 shows a side view of the scanner, FIG. 15 showsanother side view, and FIG. 16 shows a top plan view. As may be seen inthese figures, the folding intake and output trays may be articulated ata point roughly ⅔ of the way out (see arrow C in FIG. 15). An additionalsupport extending to the floor may also be provided (see arrow D in FIG.15). Additional radiation screens (see arrow A in FIG. 15) may belocated near the tunnel openings. Arrow B in FIG. 15 shows the tray in afolded position. Arrows E and F in FIG. 15 refer to locking levers thatpermit rotation of the drum assembly.

Having thus described a preferred embodiment, it should be apparent tothose skilled in the art that certain advantages of the described methodand apparatus have been achieved.

It should also be appreciated that various modifications, adaptations,and alternative embodiments thereof may be made within the scope andspirit of the present invention. The invention is further defined by thefollowing claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A portable X-ray system comprising: an X-rayscanner coupled to a module for processing and visualization of digitalsignals; foldable intake and output trays configured to pass an objectin and out of the X-ray scanner, wherein the foldable intake and outputtrays are articulated either approximately in their middle or atapproximately at ⅔ of their length; a first drum that extendssubstantially across an entire opening of a scanner tunnel andconfigured to press down on the object and pull the object inside thescanner tunnel; a second drum that extends substantially across anentire opening of the scanner tunnel and configured to press down on theobject and pull the object from the scanner tunnel; a radiation shieldconfigured to cover an opening of the scanner tunnel; and sensorsconfigured to detect a type of object to be scanned and to control thefirst drum according to the type of object to be pulled inside thescanner tunnel.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein: the module forprocessing and visualization of the digital signals acquires referenceimages from a database and compares them against a scanned image todetect anomalies on a quasi-homogeneous low contrast image background;the anomalies are detected by the effective atomic number and by acalculated density; and the detected anomalies are automaticallyrendered to an operator using color marks in a form of rectangularframes shown around suspect objects.
 3. The system of claim 1, furthercomprising a compression mechanism coupled to the first drum andconfigured to press down on the object.
 4. The system of claim 3,wherein the compression mechanism is automatically turned off, if theobject to be scanned is a crate.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein thescanner is configured to scan any of: a mattress; a pillow; and a flatcrate.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the radiation shield is madefrom lead vinyl or lead rubber.
 7. The system of claim 1, wherein theX-ray scanner includes an autonomous mobile power source.
 8. The systemof claim 1, wherein the X-ray scanner includes a QR code reader and/or abar code reader.
 9. The system of claim 1, wherein each the X-rayscanner uses an external network archiving system for acquiring thereference images.
 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the module forprocessing and visualization of the digital signals is configured todetect the anomalies using an algorithm for correlation analysis ofprofiles of tested and referenced energy signals.
 11. The system ofclaim 1, further comprising any of: an accreditation test object kit;and a threat imitation test-object kit.
 12. The system of claim 1,further comprising any of: an embedded USB; an ID reader; a finger printreader; and a proximity card reader.
 13. The system of claim 1, whereinthe module for processing and visualization also determines density ofthe object.
 14. The system of claim 1, further comprising additionalradiation screens extending from the scanner along the input and outputtrays.
 15. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the input and outputtrays includes a support extending from a point of articulation to afloor.
 16. A portable X-ray system comprising: an X-ray scanner coupledto a module for processing and visualization of digital signals;foldable intake and output trays configured to pass an object in and outof the X-ray scanner; a first drum that extends substantially across anentire opening of a scanner tunnel and configured to press down on theobject and pull the object inside the scanner tunnel; a second drumconfigured to pull the object from the scanner tunnel; and a sensorconfigured to detect a type of object to be scanned and to control thefirst drum according to the type of object.
 17. The X-ray system ofclaim 16, wherein the foldable intake and output trays are articulatedapproximately in their middle.
 18. The X-ray system of claim 16, whereinthe foldable intake and output trays are articulated eitherapproximately at approximately at ⅔ of their length.
 19. The X-raysystem of claim 16, further comprising a radiation shield configured tocover an opening of the scanner tunnel.
 20. The X-ray system of claim16, wherein the second drum extends substantially across an entireopening of the scanner tunnel.
 21. The X-ray system of claim 16, furthercomprising stair stepping wheels attached to the X-ray scanner.
 22. Aportable X-ray system comprising: an X-ray scanner coupled to a display;foldable intake and output trays configured to pass an object in and outof the X-ray scanner; a first drum that extends substantially across anentire opening of a scanner tunnel and configured to pull the objectinside the scanner tunnel; a second drum configured to pull the objectfrom the scanner tunnel; and a sensor configured to detect a type of theobject, wherein operation of the first drum is controlled based on thetype of object.